236 lines
6.4 KiB
Python
236 lines
6.4 KiB
Python
# 安装jieba
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import subprocess
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subprocess.run(['pip', 'install', 'jieba', '-q'])
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print("jieba安装完成！")
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import jieba
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print("=" * 50)
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print("jieba分词演示")
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print("=" * 50)
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text = "我喜欢深度学习和人工智能"
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print(f"原文: {text}")
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print()
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# 精确模式（默认）
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words精确 = list(jieba.cut(text, cut_all=False))
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print(f"精确模式: {' / '.join(words精确)}")
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# 全模式
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words全 = list(jieba.cut(text, cut_all=True))
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print(f"全模式: {' / '.join(words全)}")
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# 搜索引擎模式
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words搜索 = list(jieba.cut_for_search(text))
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print(f"搜索模式: {' / '.join(words搜索)}")
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# 更多分词示例
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import jieba
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print("=" * 50)
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print("更多分词示例")
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print("=" * 50)
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examples = [
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"今天天气真不错",
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"人工智能是未来的发展方向",
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"Python是一门非常流行的编程语言",
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"小明毕业于清华大学计算机系",
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"我今天在京东买了一部iPhone手机"
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]
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for i, text in enumerate(examples):
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words = list(jieba.cut(text))
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print(f"{i+1}. {text}")
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print(f" → {' / '.join(words)}")
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print()
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import jieba.posseg as pseg
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print("=" * 50)
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print("jieba词性标注演示")
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print("=" * 50)
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text = "我喜欢深度学习和人工智能"
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print(f"原文: {text}")
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print()
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words = pseg.cut(text)
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print("分词 + 词性标注：")
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for word, flag in words:
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print(f" {word}: {flag}")
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import jieba
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print("=" * 50)
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print("停用词处理演示")
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print("=" * 50)
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# 常见停用词列表
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stopwords = set(['的', '了', '在', '是', '我', '有', '和', '就', '不', '人', '都', '一', '一个', '上', '也', '很', '到', '说', '要', '去', '你', '会', '着', '没有', '看', '好', '自己', '这'])
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text = "人工智能是未来的发展方向，也是当前科技领域的热门话题"
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print(f"原文: {text}")
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print()
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# 不使用停用词
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words_all = list(jieba.cut(text))
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print(f"不使用停用词: {' / '.join(words_all)}")
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# 使用停用词
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words_filtered = [w for w in words_all if w not in stopwords]
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print(f"使用停用词: {' / '.join(words_filtered)}")
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print()
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# 更完整的停用词表可以从网上下载
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print("提示：实际项目中可以从以下地方获取停用词表：")
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print(" - 哈工大停用词表")
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print(" - 百度停用词表")
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print(" - 四川大学机器学习实验室停用词表")
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# 实战：完整的文本预处理流程
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import jieba
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print("=" * 50)
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print("完整的文本预处理流程")
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print("=" * 50)
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# 示例文档集合
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docs = [
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"今天天气真不错！适合出去玩。",
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"Python是一门很棒的编程语言。",
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"人工智能和机器学习是未来的发展方向。",
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"今天在咖啡馆喝了一杯很好喝的拿铁。"
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]
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# 停用词表
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stopwords = set(['的', '了', '在', '是', '我', '有', '和', '就', '不', '人', '都', '一', '一个', '上', '也', '很', '到', '说', '要', '去', '你', '会', '着', '没有', '看', '好', '自己', '这', '！', '。', ','])
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def preprocess_text(text):
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"""完整的文本预处理流程"""
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# 1. 分词
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words = jieba.cut(text)
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# 2. 去除停用词
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words = [w for w in words if w not in stopwords and len(w) > 0]
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# 3. 去除空格
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words = [w for w in words if w.strip()]
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return words
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print("预处理结果：")
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for i, doc in enumerate(docs):
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words = preprocess_text(doc)
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print(f"\nDoc{i+1}: {doc}")
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print(f" → {' / '.join(words)}")
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# 实战：jieba分词 + TF-IDF完整流程
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import jieba
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import math
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print("=" * 50)
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print("实战：jieba分词 + TF-IDF完整流程")
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print("=" * 50)
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def simple_tfidf_tokenized(docs, stopwords=None):
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"""
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结合分词的TF-IDF实现
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参数:
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docs: 原始文档列表
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stopwords: 停用词集合
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返回:
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vocab, tfidf_matrix
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"""
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# 1. 分词
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tokenized = []
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for doc in docs:
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words = jieba.cut(doc)
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if stopwords:
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words = [w for w in words if w not in stopwords and len(w) > 1]
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else:
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words = [w for w in words if len(w) > 1]
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tokenized.append(words)
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# 2. 构建词表
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vocab_set = set()
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for doc in tokenized:
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vocab_set.update(doc)
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vocab = sorted(list(vocab_set))
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# 3. 构建TF矩阵并计算IDF
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n_docs = len(tokenized)
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tf_matrix = []
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df_dict = {word: 0 for word in vocab}
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for doc in tokenized:
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vec = [0] * len(vocab)
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for word in doc:
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if word in vocab:
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idx = vocab.index(word)
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vec[idx] += 1
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tf_matrix.append(vec)
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# 计算DF
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for vec in tf_matrix:
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for j, count in enumerate(vec):
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if count > 0:
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word = vocab[j]
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df_dict[word] += 1
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# 计算IDF
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idf = []
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for word in vocab:
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df = df_dict[word]
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idf_j = math.log(n_docs / (df + 1)) + 1
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idf.append(idf_j)
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# 计算TF-IDF
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tfidf = []
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for vec in tf_matrix:
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tfidf_vec = [vec[i] * idf[i] for i in range(len(vec))]
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tfidf.append(tfidf_vec)
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return vocab, tfidf, tokenized
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# 示例文档集合
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docs = [
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"Python是一门很棒的编程语言",
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"人工智能是未来的发展方向",
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"深度学习是机器学习的一个分支",
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"Python和Java都是很流行的编程语言"
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]
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# 停用词
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stopwords = set(["的", "是", "一个", "很", "和", "在", "了"])
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vocab, tfidf_matrix, tokenized = simple_tfidf_tokenized(docs, stopwords)
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print("文档集合：")
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for i, doc in enumerate(docs):
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print(f" Doc{i+1}: {doc}")
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print()
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print(f"分词结果：")
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for i, words in enumerate(tokenized):
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print(f" Doc{i+1}: {' / '.join(words)}")
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print()
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print(f"词表（共{len(vocab)}个词）:")
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print(f" {vocab}")
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print()
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print("TF-IDF矩阵：")
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for i, vec in enumerate(tfidf_matrix):
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# 只显示非零值
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nonzero = [(vocab[j], round(vec[j], 4)) for j in range(len(vec)) if vec[j] > 0]
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print(f" Doc{i+1}: {nonzero}")
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print()
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# 找每个文档最重要的词
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print("每个文档最重要的词（TF-IDF值最高）：")
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for i, vec in enumerate(tfidf_matrix):
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max_idx = max(range(len(vec)), key=lambda j: vec[j])
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max_score = vec[max_idx]
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if max_score > 0:
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print(f" Doc{i+1}: '{vocab[max_idx]}' (TF-IDF={max_score:.4f})") |